Diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy: a review of the literature on hemostatic changes in coagulation and thrombosis

Ashwag Saleh Alsharidah

doi:10.5045/br.2022.2021204

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Blood Res 2022; 57(2):

Published online June 30, 2022

https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2022.2021204

Diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy: a review of the literature on hemostatic changes in coagulation and thrombosis

Ashwag Saleh Alsharidah

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Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia

Correspondence to : Ashwag Saleh Alsharidah, MBBS, MSc, MBSc
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim 51491, Saudi Arabia
E-mail: ashriedt@qu.edu.sa

Received: November 3, 2021; Revised: January 31, 2022; Accepted: March 14, 2022

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract

Vascular complications lead to morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main life-threatening problems for these patients, as it is the main cause of end-stage renal disease. This study aimed to measure the clinical effects of diabetes in patients with diabetes and in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Improved hypoglycemic control in patients with diabetes could impressively reduce platelet hyperreactivity, and oxidative stress alters the levels of many coagulation and thrombosis factors, resulting in an abnormal hemostasis and impaired levels of numerous serum markers. Most studies have revealed that coagulation factor levels are high in patients with diabetes and nephrodiabetes. Serum inflammatory factors, and coagulation and endothelial functions are good predictors of diabetic nephropathy. This literature review was conducted with access to scholarly databases and Google Scholar through Qassim University, and it analyzes studies from early 2010 until November 2020. Many studies have inferred that diabetes severely affects hemostasis and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Keywords Diabetes, Coagulation, Thrombosis, Nephropathy

Article

Review Article

Blood Res 2022; 57(2): 101-105

Published online June 30, 2022 https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2022.2021204

Diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy: a review of the literature on hemostatic changes in coagulation and thrombosis

Ashwag Saleh Alsharidah

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia

Correspondence to:Ashwag Saleh Alsharidah, MBBS, MSc, MBSc
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim 51491, Saudi Arabia
E-mail: ashriedt@qu.edu.sa

Received: November 3, 2021; Revised: January 31, 2022; Accepted: March 14, 2022

Abstract

Keywords: Diabetes, Coagulation, Thrombosis, Nephropathy

Abstract

Table 1 . Changes in the blood levels of coagulation factors..

Factor	Changes in blood		Mechanism that causes nephropathy
Factor	In DM	In diabetic nephropathy	Mechanism that causes nephropathy
Fibrinogen	Increased Kafle et al. [26]^a) Zhao et al. [38]^a) Bembde [39]^a) Sapkota et al. [40]^a)	Increased Sun et al. [18]^a) Mohan et al. [41]^a) Kaur et al. [42]^a)	Higher fibrinogen levels result in changes in the rheological properties of the blood, such as increases in plasma viscosity, platelet thrombogenesis, and erythrocyte aggregation and changes leading to compromises in the endothelial layer integrity and vascular reactivity [43].
VWF	Increased Madan et al. [44]^a) Kubisz et al. [45] Dayer et al. [46]^a) Saboor et al. [47] Oggianu et al. [48]^a)	Increased Kubisz et al. [45] Domingueti et al. [49]^b) Shao et al. [50]^a)	A study hypothesized that low ADAMTS13 levels cause an increase in large-sized VWF multimers, resulting in renal microvascular platelet thrombosis, and that theyare therefore relevant to the development and/or progression of diabetic nephropathy [51].
ADAMTS13 antigen	Decreased Oggianu et al. [48]^b)	Increased Domingueti et al. [49]^b)
ADAMTS13 antigen	Decreased Oggianu et al. [48]^b)	Reduced Taniguchi et al. [51]^b)
ADAMTS13 activity	Decreased Oggianu et al. [48]^b)	Increased Domingueti et al. [49]^b)