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Original Article

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Korean J Hematol 2012; 47(1):

Published online March 31, 2012

https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.67

© The Korean Society of Hematology

Anti-leukemic and immunomodulatory effects of fungal metabolites of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus ostreatus on benzene-induced leukemia in Wister rats

Akanni E. Olufemi1*, Alli O.A. Terry2, and Oloke J. Kola3

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1Hematology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.

2Department of Biomedical Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.

3Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.

Correspondence to : Correspondence to Akanni E. Olufemi, Ph.D. Hematology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4400, (OS 230001) Osogbo, Nigeria. Tel: +234-803-3600-747, olufemiakanni@yahoo.com

Received: August 10, 2011; Revised: February 21, 2012; Accepted: March 2, 2012

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

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Background

The use of natural bioactive compounds in conventional chemotherapy is a new direction in cancer treatment that is gaining more research attention recently. Bioactive polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes from some fungi (edible mushrooms) have been identified as sources of effective and non-toxic antineoplastic agents. Selected oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus pulmonarius and P. ostreatus being local [Nigeria] and exotic strains, respectively) were cultured on a novel medium of yeast extract supplemented with an ethanolic extract of Annona senegalensis, and the antileukemic potential of their metabolites was studied.

Methods

Leukemia was successfully induced in Wister rats by intravenous injection (0.2 mL) of a benzene solution every 2 days for 3 consecutive weeks. The aqueous solution of fungal metabolites (20 mg/mL) produced by submerged fermentation was orally administered (0.2 mL) before, during, and after leukemia induction. Leukemia burden was assessed by comparing the hematological parameters at baseline and after leukemia induction. The immunomodulatory potential of the metabolites was assessed by using a phagocytic assay (carbon clearance method). The ability to enhance leukopoiesis was assessed by using the total leukocyte count.

Results

Leukemia induction resulted in significant anemia indices and leukocytosis (P<0.05) in the experimental rats. Both metabolites equally enhanced leukopoiesis and demonstrated phagocytic actions; P. ostreatus activity was significantly higher than that of P. pulmonarius (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The metabolites exhibited profound antileukemic potential by suppressing leukemia and demonstrating immunotherapeutic activities on animals after oral administration in various experimental groups.

Keywords Anti-leukemic, Pleurotus pulmonarius and P. ostreatus metabolites, Immunotherapy, Polysaccharide-protein complexes

Article

Original Article

Korean J Hematol 2012; 47(1): 67-73

Published online March 31, 2012 https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.67

Copyright © The Korean Society of Hematology.

Anti-leukemic and immunomodulatory effects of fungal metabolites of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus ostreatus on benzene-induced leukemia in Wister rats

Akanni E. Olufemi1*, Alli O.A. Terry2, and Oloke J. Kola3

1Hematology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.

2Department of Biomedical Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.

3Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.

Correspondence to: Correspondence to Akanni E. Olufemi, Ph.D. Hematology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4400, (OS 230001) Osogbo, Nigeria. Tel: +234-803-3600-747, olufemiakanni@yahoo.com

Received: August 10, 2011; Revised: February 21, 2012; Accepted: March 2, 2012

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Background

The use of natural bioactive compounds in conventional chemotherapy is a new direction in cancer treatment that is gaining more research attention recently. Bioactive polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes from some fungi (edible mushrooms) have been identified as sources of effective and non-toxic antineoplastic agents. Selected oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus pulmonarius and P. ostreatus being local [Nigeria] and exotic strains, respectively) were cultured on a novel medium of yeast extract supplemented with an ethanolic extract of Annona senegalensis, and the antileukemic potential of their metabolites was studied.

Methods

Leukemia was successfully induced in Wister rats by intravenous injection (0.2 mL) of a benzene solution every 2 days for 3 consecutive weeks. The aqueous solution of fungal metabolites (20 mg/mL) produced by submerged fermentation was orally administered (0.2 mL) before, during, and after leukemia induction. Leukemia burden was assessed by comparing the hematological parameters at baseline and after leukemia induction. The immunomodulatory potential of the metabolites was assessed by using a phagocytic assay (carbon clearance method). The ability to enhance leukopoiesis was assessed by using the total leukocyte count.

Results

Leukemia induction resulted in significant anemia indices and leukocytosis (P<0.05) in the experimental rats. Both metabolites equally enhanced leukopoiesis and demonstrated phagocytic actions; P. ostreatus activity was significantly higher than that of P. pulmonarius (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The metabolites exhibited profound antileukemic potential by suppressing leukemia and demonstrating immunotherapeutic activities on animals after oral administration in various experimental groups.

Keywords: Anti-leukemic, Pleurotus pulmonarius and P. ostreatus metabolites, Immunotherapy, Polysaccharide-protein complexes

Fig 1.

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Figure 1.

Comparison of hematological parameters after treatment with Pleurotus pulmonarius metabolites between the positive control group (E) and the other treatment groups.

Blood Research 2012; 47: 67-73https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.67

Fig 2.

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Figure 2.

Comparison of the hematological parameters after treatment with Pleurotus ostreatus metabolites between the positive control group (E) and the other treatment groups.

Blood Research 2012; 47: 67-73https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.67

Fig 3.

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Figure 3.

Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus metabolites on leukocyte production.

Blood Research 2012; 47: 67-73https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.67

Fig 4.

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Figure 4.

Effect of Pleurotus pulmonarius metabolites on leukocyte production.

Blood Research 2012; 47: 67-73https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2012.47.1.67

Table 1 . Experimental protocol for antileukemic testing of the metabolites..

All treatments were replicated and appropriately controlled. Sterile water was used as placebo..

Abbreviation: METAB, metabolites of P. pulmonarius or P. ostreatus..

Table 2 . Hematological parameters at baseline, post leukemia induction, and after treatment with Pleurotus pulmonarius metabolites (mean±SD)..

Abbreviations: PCV, packed cell volume; LYM, lymphocytes; RDW, RBC distribution width; PDW, platelet distribution width; MPV, mean platelet volume..

Table 3 . Hematological parameters at baseline, post leukemia induction, and after treatment with Pleurotus metabolites (mean±SD)..

Abbreviations: PCV, packed cell volume; LYM, lymphocytes; RDW, RBC distribution width; PDW, platelet distribution width; MPV, mean platelet volume..

Table 4 . Comparison of the effect of P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius metabolites on leukopoiesis (total WBC count/mL, mean±SD)..


Table 5 . Comparison of phagocytic activity of P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius metabolites using the carbon clearance assay..


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