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Review Article

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Blood Res 2023; 58(1):

Published online March 31, 2023

https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022144

© The Korean Society of Hematology

The impact of COVID-19 on acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a concise review

Reham Osama Mansour1, Shaimaa El-Ashwah2, May Denewer2

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1Mansoura Manchester Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, 2Clinical Hematology Department, Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Correspondence to : Reham Osama Mansour, MBBCH
Mansoura Manchester Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60 El Gomhouria St, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt
E-mail: rihamosama1@yahoo.com

Received: July 28, 2022; Revised: January 21, 2023; Accepted: January 25, 2023

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

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This study aimed to delineate the possible impact of COVID-19 on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in terms of diagnosis, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant, and vaccination response. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is markedly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, as both donors and recipients must be healthy for transplantation to be feasible and successful. Delays in the identification of well-matched donors have been predicted, and represent a special challenge. Therefore, future donors should be tested for COVID-19. The outcome of delayed transplantation is vague and masked by variations in stem cell source along with disease subtype. However, if transplant delay results in recurrence of minimal residual disease, a negative impact on survival is anticipated.

Keywords Allogeneic-stem cell transplantation, Acute myeloid leukemia, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2

Article

Review Article

Blood Res 2023; 58(1): 13-19

Published online March 31, 2023 https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022144

Copyright © The Korean Society of Hematology.

The impact of COVID-19 on acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a concise review

Reham Osama Mansour1, Shaimaa El-Ashwah2, May Denewer2

1Mansoura Manchester Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, 2Clinical Hematology Department, Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Correspondence to:Reham Osama Mansour, MBBCH
Mansoura Manchester Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 60 El Gomhouria St, Mansoura, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt
E-mail: rihamosama1@yahoo.com

Received: July 28, 2022; Revised: January 21, 2023; Accepted: January 25, 2023

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study aimed to delineate the possible impact of COVID-19 on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in terms of diagnosis, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant, and vaccination response. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is markedly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, as both donors and recipients must be healthy for transplantation to be feasible and successful. Delays in the identification of well-matched donors have been predicted, and represent a special challenge. Therefore, future donors should be tested for COVID-19. The outcome of delayed transplantation is vague and masked by variations in stem cell source along with disease subtype. However, if transplant delay results in recurrence of minimal residual disease, a negative impact on survival is anticipated.

Keywords: Allogeneic-stem cell transplantation, Acute myeloid leukemia, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2

Fig 1.

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Figure 1.Assessment of lymphocyte subsets over time before, during, and in recovery from COVID-19 in allogeneic-SCT recipients [3].
Blood Research 2023; 58: 13-19https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022144

Fig 2.

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Figure 2.Assessment of allogeneic-SCT during COVID-19 [12].
Blood Research 2023; 58: 13-19https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022144

Fig 3.

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Figure 3.Infection prevention approach for bone marrow transplant units during COVID-19 [12].
Blood Research 2023; 58: 13-19https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022144

Fig 4.

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Figure 4.Outcomes of allogeneic-SCT recipients with either fresh or cryopreserved grafts [13].
Blood Research 2023; 58: 13-19https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022144

Fig 5.

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Figure 5.Relationship between antibody titer after COVID-19 vaccination and time after allogeneic-SCT with post-transplantation cyclophos-phamide conditioning. Vaccination titer in AU/mL [14].
Blood Research 2023; 58: 13-19https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022144
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