Blood Res  https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2021.2020146
Optimal panel of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma using bone marrow biopsy: a tertiary care center study
Nisha Marwah1, Manali Satiza1, Niti Dalal1, Sudhir Atri2, Monika Gupta1, Sunita Singh1, Rajeev Sen1
1Department of Pathology, 2Department of Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India
Correspondence to: Niti Dalal, M.D.
Department of Pathology, Pt. B. D. Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
E-mail: drnitidalal@gmail.com
Published online: January 28, 2021.
© The Korean Journal of Hematology. All rights reserved.

Abstract
Background: Morphological diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is usually based on lymph node biopsy. Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is important for staging, and morphology alone can be challenging for subtyping. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) allows a more precise diagnosis and characterization of NHL using monoclonal antibodies. However, there is a need for a minimal panel that can provide maximum information at an affordable cost.
Methods: All newly diagnosed cases of B-cell NHL with bone marrow infiltration between 2017 and 2019 were included. BMB was the primary procedure for diagnosing B-cell NHL. Subtyping of lymphomas was performed by immunophenotyping using a panel of monoclonal antibodies on IHC. The primary diagnostic panel of antibodies for B-cell NHL included CD19, CD20, CD79, CD5, CD23, CD10, Kappa, and Lambda. The extended panel of antibodies for further subtyping included CD30, CD45, CD56, Cyclin D1, BCL2, and BCL6.
Results: All cases of B-cell NHL were classified into the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-CLL groups based on morphology and primary IHC panel. In the CLL group, the most significant findings were CD5 expression, CD23 expression, dim CD79 expression, and weak surface immunoglobulin (Ig) positivity. In the non-CLL group, they were CD5 expression, positive or negative CD23 expression, strong CD79 expression, and strong surface Ig expression. An extended panel was used for further subtyping of non-CLL cases, which comprised CD10, Cyclin D1, BCL2, and BCL6.
Conclusion: We propose a two-tier approach for immunophenotypic analysis of newly diagnosed Bcell NHL cases with a minimum primary panel including CD5, CD23, CD79, Kappa, and Lambda for differentiation into CLL/non-CLL group and Kappa and Lambda for clonality assessment. An extended panel may be used wherever required for further subtyping of non-CLL.
Keywords: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, immunohistochemistry, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, nonchronic lymphocytic leukemia, bone marrow biopsy

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