Classification of acute myeloid leukemia

Sang Mee Hwang

doi:10.5045/br.2020.S001

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Blood Res 2020; 55(S1):

Published online July 31, 2020

https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2020.S001

Classification of acute myeloid leukemia

Sang Mee Hwang

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Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea

Correspondence to : Sang Mee Hwang, M.D.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
E-mail: smilemee@snubh.org

Received: November 14, 2019; Revised: January 23, 2020; Accepted: January 31, 2020

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

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Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues was revised in 2017 on the basis of recent high-throughput sequencing and gene expression data on hematologic malignancies. This review explores the current WHO classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and related precursor neoplasms, highlighting the changes made in the current edition and focusing on the diagnosis of AML.

Keywords Acute myeloid leukemia, Classification, Diagnosis

Article

Review Article

Blood Res 2020; 55(S1): S1-S4

Published online July 31, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2020.S001

Classification of acute myeloid leukemia

Sang Mee Hwang

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea

Correspondence to:Sang Mee Hwang, M.D.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
E-mail: smilemee@snubh.org

Received: November 14, 2019; Revised: January 23, 2020; Accepted: January 31, 2020

Abstract

Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia, Classification, Diagnosis

Abstract

Table 1 . World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia..

WHO classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and related neoplasms
AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities
AML with t(8;21)(q22q22.1); RUNX1-RUNX1T1
AML with inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22);CBFB-MYH11
APL with PML-RARA
AML with t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3); KMT2A-MLLT3
AML with t(6;9)(p23;q34.1); DEK-NUP214
AML with inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2); GATA2, MECOM
AML (megakaryoblastic) with t(1;22)(p13.3;q13.1); RBM15-MKL1
Provisional entity: AML with BCR-ABL1
AML with mutated NPM1
AML with biallelic mutation of CEBPA
Provisional entity: AML with mutated RUNX1
AML with myelodysplasia-related changes
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms
AML, not otherwise specified (NOS)
AML with minimal differentiation
AML without maturation
AML with maturation
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
Acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia
Pure erythroid leukemia
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Acute basophilic leukemia
Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis
Myeloid sarcoma
Myeloid proliferations associated with Down syndrome
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) associated with Down syndrome
Myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome

Table 2 . Cytogenetic abnormalities diagnostic of acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes [3]..

Type of cytogenetic abnormality	Karyotype
Complex karyotype	3 or more abnormalities
Unbalanced abnormalities	–7/del(7q)
	del(5q)/t(5q)
	i(17q)/t(17p)
	–13/del(13q)
	del(11q)
	del(12p)/t(12p)
	idic(X)(q13)

Balanced abnormalities	t(11;16)(q23.3;p13.3)
	t(3;21)(q26.2;q22.1)
	t(1;3)(p36.3;q21.2)
	t(2;11)(p21;q23.3)
	t(5;12)(q32;p13.2)
	t(5;7)(q32;q11.2)
	t(5;17)(q32;p13.2)
	t(5;10)(q32;q21)
	t(3;5)(q25.3;q35.1)