Cardiac tamponade resulting from malignant pericardial effusion Is an uncommon clinical presentation of various extracardiac malignancies. The optimal managment of
neoplastic cardiac tamponade has controversial, with ardent proponents of pericardiocenthesis (with or without sclerotherapy), surgical decompression, and radiation
therapy as primary therapeutic modalities.
We experienced a case of acute myelogenous leukemia, presented initially as impending pericardial tamponade in 29 years old male patient. He complainted of
dyspnea, gingival edema and hemorrhage. On physical examination, moist rales were heard at the lower lobe of both lung and ejection systolic murmur of Grade Ⅲ and
S3 gallop were heard at the cardiac apex. The chest X-ray showed increased cardiac silhoutte with bilateral pleural effusion and echocardiogram revealed
large amount of pericardial effusion with impending cardiac tamponade. The emergency pericardiocentesis was performed and cytology of the pericardial fluid showed abundant
leukemic blasts. Induction chemotherapy with TAD combination chemotherapy brought out complete remission.

Keywords: Acute myelogenous leukemia, Pericardial tamponade