Invasive aspergillosis(IA) is frequent in patients with acute leukemia and results in significant morbidity and mortality among neutropenic patients. Although the lung is a
common site of this disease, pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum is rare as initial mini-festations of IA. A 22-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to
aggrevated dyspnea, productive cough, fever and nasal bleeding. Acute myelogenous leukemia(AML, M2) was diagnosed. His clinical course was aggrevated despite patient was treated with empirical antibiotics. Chest X-ray and high-resolution computed tomography showed pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum on the left thorax. The clinical course was improved after closed thoracostomy and empirical amphotericin B therapy for the fungal infections was started. IA was pathologically diagnosed by his sputum contained a mucus plug. His symptoms and radiological lesions were completely resolved after amphotericin B therapy alone with a total doses of 2.58g. We report a
case of IA complicated by pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in acute myelogenous leukemia with the review of literatures.

Keywords: Acute myelogenous leukemia, Invasive aspergillosis, Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum,