Abbreviations: RA, refractory anemia; RAEB, refractory anemia with excess blasts; RARS, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts; RCMD, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia; IPSS, International Prognostic Scoring System; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; PLT, platelet; PB, peripheral blood; BM, bone marrow; M/F, male/female; WHO, World Health Organization.