Soluble syndecan-1 at diagnosis and during follow up of multiple myeloma: a single institution study

Ji Myung Kim; Jung Ae Lee; In Sung Cho; Chun Hwa Ihm

doi:10.5045/kjh.2010.45.2.115

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Original Article

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Korean J Hematol 2010; 45(2):

Published online June 30, 2010

https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2010.45.2.115

Soluble syndecan-1 at diagnosis and during follow up of multiple myeloma: a single institution study

Ji Myung Kim^1*, Jung Ae Lee², In Sung Cho², and Chun Hwa Ihm¹

Author Info. +

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.

²Department of Haemato-Oncology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.

Correspondence to : Correspondence to Ji Myung Kim, M.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, 1306, Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-799, Korea. Tel: +82-42-611-3477, Fax: +82-42-611-3464, jmkim@eulji.ac.kr

Received: March 5, 2010; Revised: March 25, 2010; Accepted: May 3, 2010

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

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Abstract

Background

Syndecan-1 is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed on plasma cells, especially myeloma cells, and can exist in serum as soluble syndecan-1 after shedding from the cell surface. Soluble syndecan-1 has been suggested to promote myeloma cell growth and to be an independent prognostic factor for multiple myeloma. We aimed to evaluate the effect of soluble syndecan-1 levels at the time of diagnosis and during therapy on therapeutic response and prognosis for patients with multiple myeloma.

Methods

We analyzed soluble syndecan-1 levels in 28 patients with multiple myeloma and 50 normal controls, and compared its levels with Durie-Salmon stage and other markers of myeloma. In addition, we evaluated the therapeutic response and determined the 3-year survival rates of these patients.

Results

We observed that the median soluble syndecan-1 level in myeloma patients was higher than that in the normal controls (P <0.0001), and the soluble syndecan-1 levels in 21 (75%) patients were higher than the cut-off level (162 ng/mL). Soluble syndecan-1 levels correlated with disease stage, percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow, β₂ microglobulin level, serum M-component concentration, and creatinine level. The baseline levels of soluble syndecan-1 at the time of diagnosis in the patients who responded to chemotherapy were lower than those in the non-responders (P=0.04); however, the baseline level was not a significant predictor of therapeutic response. The 3-year overall survival rate of the patients with high soluble syndecan-1 levels at the time of diagnosis and 6 months after chemotherapy was lower than the corresponding survival rates of the patients with low levels of soluble syndecan-1; however, the overall survival rate was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The use of soluble syndecan-1 has limitations in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Soluble syndecan-1 levels correlate with known prognostic factors; however, we could not assess the prognostic value of high levels of soluble syndecan-1 at the time of diagnosis and after chemotherapy.

Keywords Multiple myeloma, Syndecan-1, Prognosis

Article

Original Article

Korean J Hematol 2010; 45(2): 115-119

Published online June 30, 2010 https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2010.45.2.115

Soluble syndecan-1 at diagnosis and during follow up of multiple myeloma: a single institution study

Ji Myung Kim^1*, Jung Ae Lee², In Sung Cho², and Chun Hwa Ihm¹

¹Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.

²Department of Haemato-Oncology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.

Correspondence to: Correspondence to Ji Myung Kim, M.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, 1306, Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon 302-799, Korea. Tel: +82-42-611-3477, Fax: +82-42-611-3464, jmkim@eulji.ac.kr

Received: March 5, 2010; Revised: March 25, 2010; Accepted: May 3, 2010

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keywords: Multiple myeloma, Syndecan-1, Prognosis

Abstract

Fig 1.

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Figure 1.

Soluble syndecan-1 levels at diagnosis in 28 patients with multiple myeloma. Horizontal line denotes mean +2 SD (162 ng/mL) of 50 healthy controls (sensitivity, 75% and specificity, 94%).

Blood Research 2010; 45: 115-119https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2010.45.2.115

Fig 2.

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Figure 2.

Kaplan-Meier survival curves for patients classified on the basis of the soluble syndecan-1 levels at 6 months after treatment. The solid line represents patients with low levels of soluble syndecan-1 (≤162 ng/mL), and the dotted line represents patients with high levels of soluble syndecan-1 (>162 ng/mL) (P=0.08).

Blood Research 2010; 45: 115-119https://doi.org/10.5045/kjh.2010.45.2.115

Table 1 . Clinical characteristics of 28 patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma..

Table 2 . Correlation of soluble syndecan-1 levels with prognostic parameters at the time of diagnosis in patients with multiple myeloma..

Table 3 . Median levels of soluble syndecan-1 and the degree of reduction (range) in soluble syndecan-1 levels in myeloma patients receiving chemotherapy..