Blood Res 2013; 48(2):
Published online June 25, 2013
https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2013.48.2.76
© The Korean Society of Hematology
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA.
Correspondence to : Correspondence to Young-sup Yoon, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, WMRB 3309, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Tel: +1-404-727-8176, Fax: +1-404-727-3988, yyoon5@emory.edu
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
While bone marrow (BM)-derived cells have been comprehensively studied for their propitious pre-clinical results, clinical trials have shown controversial outcomes. Unlike previously acknowledged, more recent studies have now confirmed that humoral and paracrine effects are the key mechanisms for tissue regeneration and functional recovery, instead of transdifferentiation of BM-derived cells into cardiovascular tissues. The progression of the understanding of BM-derived cells has further led to exploring efficient methods to isolate and obtain, without mobilization, sufficient number of cell populations that would eventually have a higher therapeutic potential. As such, hematopoietic CD31+ cells, prevalent in both bone marrow and peripheral blood, have been discovered, in recent studies, to have angiogenic and vasculogenic activities and to show strong potential for therapeutic neovascularization in ischemic tissues. This article will discuss recent advancement on BM-derived cell therapy and the implication of newly discovered CD31+ cells.
Keywords Cell therapy, Cardiovascular repair, Bone marrow, Paracrine, CD31, Neovascularization
Blood Res 2013; 48(2): 76-86
Published online June 25, 2013 https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2013.48.2.76
Copyright © The Korean Society of Hematology.
Woan-Sang Kim#, Sangho Lee#, and Young-sup Yoon*
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, GA, USA.
Correspondence to: Correspondence to Young-sup Yoon, M.D., Ph.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, WMRB 3309, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Tel: +1-404-727-8176, Fax: +1-404-727-3988, yyoon5@emory.edu
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
While bone marrow (BM)-derived cells have been comprehensively studied for their propitious pre-clinical results, clinical trials have shown controversial outcomes. Unlike previously acknowledged, more recent studies have now confirmed that humoral and paracrine effects are the key mechanisms for tissue regeneration and functional recovery, instead of transdifferentiation of BM-derived cells into cardiovascular tissues. The progression of the understanding of BM-derived cells has further led to exploring efficient methods to isolate and obtain, without mobilization, sufficient number of cell populations that would eventually have a higher therapeutic potential. As such, hematopoietic CD31+ cells, prevalent in both bone marrow and peripheral blood, have been discovered, in recent studies, to have angiogenic and vasculogenic activities and to show strong potential for therapeutic neovascularization in ischemic tissues. This article will discuss recent advancement on BM-derived cell therapy and the implication of newly discovered CD31+ cells.
Keywords: Cell therapy, Cardiovascular repair, Bone marrow, Paracrine, CD31, Neovascularization
The multimodal effects of BM-derived hematopoietic CD31+ cells. BM-derived CD31+ cells highly expressed pro-angiogenic genes (angiogenicity). BM-derived CD31+ cells showed a high number of EPCs and formed a tubular structure (vasculogenicity). The high adhesion capacity and low inflammatory activity of the cells allowed high engraftment and mild inflammation, respectively. The hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were enriched in CD31+ cells (HSC and HPC activity) [61, 62].
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The multimodal effects of BM-derived hematopoietic CD31+ cells. BM-derived CD31+ cells highly expressed pro-angiogenic genes (angiogenicity). BM-derived CD31+ cells showed a high number of EPCs and formed a tubular structure (vasculogenicity). The high adhesion capacity and low inflammatory activity of the cells allowed high engraftment and mild inflammation, respectively. The hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were enriched in CD31+ cells (HSC and HPC activity) [61, 62].